List of countries by number of scientific and technical journal articles

Those are lists of countries and territories by number of scientific publications in English.

Scopus

Scientific citable documents counts in this table are from journals classified by Scopus.

Rank	Country	Numbers of scientific publications (2020)
		Total	Per million population
1	China	744042	527
2	United States	624554	1875
3	United Kingdom	198500	2959
4	India	191590	138
5	Germany	174524	2097
6	Italy	127502	2159
7	Japan	127408	1016
8	Canada	121111	3184
9	Russia	119195	819
10	France	112838	1664
11	Australia	106614	4109
12	Spain	104353	2202
13	South Korea	91030	1762
14	Brazil	89241	416
15	Iran	71894	863
16	Netherlands	62512	3534
17	Turkey	53802	635
18	Poland	51994	1364
19	Indonesia	49160	181
20	Switzerland	47607	5461
21	Sweden	43270	4141
22	Taiwan	39201	1677
23	Malaysia	37099	1135
24	Saudi Arabia	36301	1037
25	Belgium	34575	2976
26	Egypt	34575	298
27	Denmark	29982	5110
28	Portugal	29189	2821
29	Mexico	29089	231
30	Pakistan	28525	127
31	South Africa	28365	472
32	Austria	27324	3044
33	Norway	25204	4654
34	Czech Republic	24811	2358
35	Hong Kong	24203	3273
36	Singapore	23078	4232
37	Israel	22743	2402
38	Finland	21789	3948
39	Thailand	20830	312
40	Greece	20123	1884
41	Iraq	18711	454
42	Ukraine	17888	434
43	Vietnam	17485	177
44	Chile	17137	871
45	New Zealand	16886	3286
46	Ireland	16581	3309
47	Argentina	15605	341
48	Romania	15537	810
49	Colombia	15103	296
50	Nigeria	13282	63
51	Hungary	12168	1250
52	United Arab Emirates	10079	1061
53	Morocco	9463	259
54	Slovakia	8709	1597
55	Tunisia	8338	710
56	Bangladesh	8265	48
57	Algeria	7968	176
58	Serbia	7960	1158
59	Croatia	7814	2010
60	Slovenia	6808	3228
61	Jordan	6540	587
62	Bulgaria	6233	956
63	Ethiopia	6141	52
64	Philippines	5636	51
65	Ecuador	5519	308
66	Peru	5425	164
67	Kazakhstan	5339	279
68	Qatar	5081	1815
69	Lithuania	4658	1667
70	Lebanon	4249	628
71	Ghana	4189	136
72	Kenya	4110	86
73	Estonia	3810	2865
74	Cyprus	3629	4087
75	Uzbekistan	3491	99
76	Sri Lanka	2844	128
77	Nepal	2555	84
78	Macau	2549	3736
79	Belarus	2547	272
80	Oman	2543	562
81	Latvia	2530	1349
82	Kuwait	2345	502
83	Uganda	2259	53
84	Luxembourg	2256	3554
85	Tanzania	2199	37
86	Cuba	2088	187
87	Cameroon	2086	86
88	Georgia	1905	511
89	Uruguay	1902	535
90	Azerbaijan	1764	174
91	Iceland	1738	4622
92	Bosnia and Herzegovina	1574	474
93	Costa Rica	1438	279
94	Venezuela	1397	49
95	Palestine	1204	230
96	Sudan	1187	27
97	Armenia	1175	396
98	Zimbabwe	1116	71
99	Bahrain	1066	710
100	Yemen	1064	35
101	Malta	1016	1974
102	North Macedonia	990	540
103	Myanmar	974	18
104	Malawi	952	50
105	Senegal	938	54
106	Puerto Rico	872	265
107	Zambia	802	44
108	Botswana	800	332
109	Panama	777	182
110	Syria	734	40
111	Rwanda	715	55
112	Brunei	681	1584
113	Libya	674	97
114	Mongolia	662	194
115	Burkina Faso	651	30
116	Benin	625	50
	Montenegro	625	1006
118	Ivory Coast	615	23
119	Albania	612	216
	Mozambique	612	20
121	Moldova	549	211
122	Cambodia	529	34
123	Namibia	524	205
124	Kyrgyzstan	507	76
125	Jamaica	478	175
126	Fiji	469	522
127	Bolivia	454	38
128	Mauritius	451	356
129	Democratic Republic of the Congo	439	5
130	Trinidad and Tobago	437	320
131	Madagascar	413	15
132	Paraguay	407	55
133	Guatemala	403	24
134	Republic of the Congo	386	68
135	Dominican Republic	346	33
136	Honduras	345	37
137	Mali	325	16
138	Tajikistan	324	34
139	Laos	305	42
140	Afghanistan	286	9
141	Grenada	250	2212
142	North Korea	237	9
143	Monaco	232	6050
	Papua New Guinea	232	25
145	Gambia	230	92
146	Togo	220	28
147	Sierra Leone	211	25
148	Niger	204	8
149	Bhutan	200	265
150	Gabon	189	85
151	New Caledonia	185	676
	French Polynesia	168	600
153	Barbados	156	542
154	Eswatini	147	125
155	Angola	146	5
156	Nicaragua	141	21
157	Guinea	138	11
158	French Guiana	130	442
159	Haiti	127	11
160	Liechtenstein	125	3193
161	Saint Kitts and Nevis	121	2241
162	Greenland	116	2048
163	Burundi	115	9
164	Seychelles	111	1119
165	El Salvador	107	16
166	Lesotho	99	46
167	Somalia	92	6
168	Maldives	91	238
169	Mauritania	86	20
	Bahamas	86	219
171	Bermuda	78	1218
172	Guam	76	494
173	Guadeloupe	75	187
174	Faroe Islands	74	1378
175	Eritrea	72	20
176	Samoa	70	350
177	Central African Republic	69	12
	Liberia	69	15
179	Guyana	68	91
180	Cape Verde	67	119
181	Chad	66	4
182	Solomon Islands	62	85
183	Suriname	60	100
184	Martinique	58	155
185	Guinea-Bissau	57	35
	Réunion	57	66
187	Vanuatu	52	173
188	San Marino	50	1484
189	Belize	49	114
190	Timor-Leste	41	31
191	South Sudan	40	3
192	Andorra	36	453
193	Djibouti	35	36
194	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	31	280
195	Federated States of Micronesia	30	284
	Tonga	30	301
197	Cayman Islands	27	410
198	Antigua and Barbuda	23	232
199	Aruba	22	198
200	Dominica	21	292
	Palau	21	1169
202	Falkland Islands	20	5000
203	Comoros	18	24
204	Kiribati	17	141
205	Turkmenistan	15	2
206	Equatorial Guinea	14	9
	Saint Lucia	14	78
	American Samoa	14	282
209	Mayotte	13	43
	United States Virgin Islands	13	149
	Anguilla	13	867
212	Gibraltar	12	353
213	Northern Mariana Islands	11	232
	Turks and Caicos Islands	11	247
215	São Tomé and Príncipe	9	42
216	Cook Islands	8	521
217	Marshall Islands	7	128
218	British Virgin Islands	6	200
219	Vatican City	5	6061
220	Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha	4	667
	Montserrat	4	800
222	Wallis and Futuna	3	264
	British Indian Ocean Territory	3	1000
	Nauru	3	254
	Svalbard and Jan Mayen	3	1021
226	Tuvalu	2	187
227	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	1	167
	Tokelau	1	666
	French Southern and Antarctic Lands	1	2500
	World	4236262

Nature Index

Main article: Nature Index

The countries with the highest share of articles published in scientific journals according to the Nature Index 2024, which is valid for the calendar year 2023.

The "count" is the total number of articles to which nationals of the country have contributed. The "share" is lower than the count because for each article it is based on the number of nationals who have contributed, divided by the total number of contributors. In many cases the "share" will be much lower than the "count" because the "count" includes articles published by institutions which may have only a very few members of the relevant nationality out of a very large total membership.

Rank	Country or Territory	Count	Share	Population	Count per million people	Share per ten million people
1	China	27736	23171.84	1,409,670,000	20	164
2	United States	29165	20292.72	335,893,238	87	604
3	Germany	9347	4318.69	84,607,016	110	510
4	United Kingdom	8880	3701.99	67,596,281	131	548
5	Japan	5161	2956.75	124,000,000	42	238
6	France	5453	2243.92	68,394,000	80	328
7	Canada	4239	1702.32	40,769,890	104	418
8	South Korea	2776	1630.99	51,293,934	54	318
9	India	2334	1494.27	1,400,744,000	2	11
10	Switzerland	3695	1393.3	8,960,817	412	1555
11	Italy	3653	1313.44	58,972,268	62	223
12	Australia	3518	1263.44	26,821,557	131	471
13	Spain	3651	1247.25	48,592,909	75	257
14	Netherlands	3231	1153.45	17,967,505	180	642
15	Sweden	2391	769.37	10,549,287	227	729
16	Denmark	1933	652.4	5,961,249	324	1094
17	Israel	1448	611.49	9,880,000	147	619
18	Singapore	1424	542.59	5,917,600	241	917
19	Belgium	1576	471.74	11,820,117	133	399
20	Taiwan	1150	423.67	23,420,442	49	181
21	Austria	1391	401.22	9,159,993	152	438
22	Russia	915	379.67	146,150,789	6	26
23	Poland	1257	331.74	37,620,000	33	88
24	Brazil	1102	293.88	203,080,756	5	14
25	Finland	947	276.88	5,574,011	170	497
26	Norway	1002	259.01	5,550,203	181	467
27	Czech Republic	875	207.08	10,900,555	80	190
28	Portugal	644	137.06	10,467,366	62	131
29	New Zealand	496	135.65	5,305,600	93	256
30	Saudi Arabia	456	132.74	32,175,224	14	41
31	Ireland	632	123.38	5,281,600	120	234
32	Iran	285	115.77	84,055,000	3	14
33	Chile	618	115.7	19,960,889	31	58
34	South Africa	603	104.67	62,027,503	10	17
35	Turkey	581	103.93	85,372,377	7	12
36	Hungary	496	94.55	9,584,000	52	99
37	Argentina	441	85.51	46,654,581	9	18
38	Mexico	438	85.22	129,625,968	3	7
39	Greece	536	82.79	10,413,982	51	79
40	Thailand	368	62.36	66,090,475	6	9
41	Slovenia	289	48.81	2,123,103	136	230
42	Pakistan	276	40.28	241,499,431	1	2
43	United Arab Emirates	270	37.76	9,282,410	29	41
44	Vietnam	115	36.21	100,300,000	1	4
45	Croatia	211	34.13	3,855,641	55	89
46	Estonia	215	33.58	1,366,491	157	246
47	Ukraine	274	30.35	36,700,000	7	8
48	Romania	342	29.58	19,051,562	18	16
49	Iceland	113	29.53	383,726	294	770
50	Luxembourg	90	29.49	672,020	134	439
51	Colombia	345	24.2	52,695,952	7	5
52	Malaysia	183	21.02	33,379,500	5	6
53	Kenya	120	19.95	51,526,000	2	4
54	Uganda	80	19.4	45,562,000	2	4
55	Cyprus	154	18.58	918,100	168	202
56	Slovakia	214	17.24	5,424,687	39	32
57	Egypt	205	17.16	104,462,545	2	2
58	Lithuania	135	15.63	2,886,515	47	54
59	Indonesia	112	14.14	279,118,866	0	1
60	Peru	136	13.17	33,725,844	4	4
61	Qatar	92	12.76	2,656,032	35	48
62	Bulgaria	197	12.75	6,447,710	31	20
63	Ecuador	114	12.55	16,938,986	7	7
64	Latvia	100	10.72	1,872,500	53	57
65	Ethiopia	61	10.4	107,334,000	1	1
66	Bangladesh	73	10.24	169,828,911	0	1
67	Serbia	219	9.98	6,641,197	33	15
68	Morocco	148	9.19	37,022,000	4	2
69	Tanzania	76	9.15	61,741,120	1	1
70	Nigeria	60	8.9	223,800,000	0	0
71	Ghana	43	8.11	30,832,019	1	3
72	Uzbekistan	48	6.97	36,963,262	1	2
73	Uruguay	34	6.81	3,444,263	10	20
74	Lebanon	41	6.15	5,490,000	7	11
75	Panama	41	6.02	4,064,780	10	15
76	Malawi	35	5.93	21,507,723	2	3
77	Oman	22	5.75	5,113,071	4	11
78	Kazakhstan	35	5.43	20,075,271	2	3
79	Costa Rica	38	4.92	5,262,225	7	9
80	Georgia	190	4.83	3,736,400	51	13
81	Philippines	135	4.44	112,892,781	1	0
82	Burkina Faso	25	4.41	22,752,315	1	2
83	Zambia	32	4.36	19,610,769	2	2
84	Armenia	116	4.33	2,993,800	39	14
85	Rwanda	19	4.29	13,246,394	1	3
86	Mozambique	30	4.11	32,419,747	1	1
87	Jordan	21	4.1	11,516,000	2	4
88	Nepal	40	3.99	29,164,578	1	1
89	Zimbabwe	29	3.75	15,178,979	2	2
90	Congo	28	3.51	95,370,000	0	0
91	Mali	15	3.44	22,395,489	1	2
92	Malta	31	3.31	519,562	60	64
93	Macedonia	26	3.03	1,832,696	14	17
94	Gambia	21	2.93	2,417,471	9	12
95	Cuba	49	2.83	11,089,511	4	3
96	Belarus	17	2.73	9,200,617	2	3
97	Tunisia	17	2.73	11,850,232	1	2
98	Azerbaijan	135	2.72	10,151,517	13	3
99	Mongolia	77	2.57	3,457,548	22	7
100	Myanmar	16	2.48	55,770,232	0	0
101	Madagascar	17	2.4	26,923,353	1	1
102	Cameroon	27	2.35	28,088,845	1	1
103	Sri Lanka	84	2.22	22,037,000	4	1
104	North Korea	4	2.22	25,660,000	0	1
105	Senegal	13	2.22	18,275,743	1	1
106	Botswana	15	1.9	2,410,338	6	8
107	French Polynesia	12	1.86	279,890	43	66
108	Cambodia	8	1.79	17,091,464	0	1
109	Benin	17	1.78	12,606,998	1	1
110	Ivory Coast	19	1.69	29,389,150	1	1
111	Monaco	12	1.63	38,367	313	425
112	International	18	1.57	8,104,267,000	0	0
113	Nicaragua	8	1.4	6,733,763	1	2
114	Algeria	7	1.38	45,400,000	0	0
115	Liberia	8	1.34	5,248,621	2	3
116	Guatemala	19	1.26	17,602,431	1	1
117	Namibia	11	1.25	3,022,401	4	4
118	Venezuela	20	1.24	28,302,000	1	0
119	Kuwait	75	1.23	4,670,713	16	3
120	Greenland	10	1.16	56,865	176	204
121	Bolivia	17	1.12	12,006,031	1	1
122	Vanuatu	3	1.05	301,295	10	35
123	Haiti	11	1	11,743,017	1	1
124	Syria	1	1	22,923,000	0	0
125	Iraq	12	0.99	43,324,000	0	0
126	Sierra Leone	6	0.79	8,494,260	1	1
127	Paraguay	9	0.78	6,109,644	1	1
128	Niger	5	0.76	25,369,415	0	0
129	Mauritius	10	0.66	1,261,041	8	5
130	Laos	9	0.64	7,443,000	1	1
131	Guinea-Bissau	1	0.58	1,781,308	1	3
132	Togo	6	0.51	8,095,498	1	1
133	Lesotho	5	0.51	2,306,000	2	2
134	Kyrgyzstan	6	0.48	7,100,000	1	1
135	Tajikistan	4	0.47	10,077,600	0	0
136	Angola	5	0.44	34,094,077	0	0
137	Jamaica	7	0.41	2,825,544	2	1
138	Palestinian territories	50	0.41	5,483,450	9	1
139	Kosovo	3	0.39	1,762,220	2	2
140	South Sudan	1	0.36	14,746,494	0	0
141	Bahamas	4	0.36	397,360	10	9
142	Sudan	7	0.35	41,984,500	0	0
143	Dominican Republic	9	0.34	10,760,028	1	0
144	Somalia	2	0.34	18,143,379	0	0
145	Seychelles	10	0.32	100,447	100	32
146	Moldova	8	0.32	2,512,758	3	1
147	Guinea	3	0.3	13,261,638	0	0
148	Bahrain	6	0.29	1,577,059	4	2
149	Fiji	6	0.29	893,468	7	3
150	Eritrea	2	0.29	3,748,902	1	1
151	Yemen	4	0.29	31,888,698	0	0
152	Reunion	5	0.28	885,700	6	3
153	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	3	0.24	110,872	27	22
154	Andorra	5	0.24	85,101	59	28
155	Antigua and Barbuda	3	0.23	100,772	30	23
156	Brunei	7	0.23	445,400	16	5
157	Maldives	3	0.2	515,132	6	4
158	Papua New Guinea	6	0.18	11,781,559	1	0
159	East Timor	3	0.17	1,354,662	2	1
160	Trinidad and Tobago	7	0.17	1,367,510	5	1
161	Cape Verde	6	0.15	491,233	12	3
162	Afghanistan	1	0.14	34,262,840	0	0
163	Montenegro	60	0.14	616,695	97	2
164	Honduras	34	0.12	9,745,149	3	0
165	Albania	7	0.12	2,761,785	3	0
166	El Salvador	5	0.11	6,884,888	1	0
167	Liechtenstein	4	0.1	40,023	100	25
168	Martinique	1	0.1	349,925	3	3
169	Vatican City State (Holy See)	5	0.09	764	6545	1178
170	Swaziland	2	0.09	1,223,362	2	1
171	Guadeloupe	2	0.09	378,561	5	2
172	Bosnia and Herzegovina	7	0.09	3,277,082	2	0
173	Palau	2	0.08	16,733	120	48
174	Tonga	2	0.07	100,179	20	7
175	Guyana	7	0.07	743,699	9	1
176	Libya	2	0.07	6,931,061	0	0
177	Samoa	7	0.06	205,557	34	3
178	Bhutan	3	0.06	770,276	4	1
179	Faroe Islands	2	0.05	54,547	37	9
180	Grenada	2	0.05	112,579	18	4
181	Comoros	1	0.05	758,316	1	1
182	Burundi	2	0.02	12,837,740	0	0
183	Barbados	5	0.02	267,800	19	1
184	Suriname	3	0.02	616,500	5	0
185	Saint Lucia	1	0.01	47,195	21	2
185	Saint Kitts and Nevis	1	0.01	178,696	6	1
186	Gabon	2	0.01	2,233,272	1	0
187	Kiribati	1	0.01	120,740	8	1
188	Netherlands Antilles	1	0	337,617 (as of January 2019)	3	0
189	Dominica	1	0	67,408	15	0
190	Solomon Islands	2	0	734,887	3	0
191	Cook Islands	1	0	15,040	66	0
192	San Marino	1	0	33,916	29	0
193	Belize	1	0	397,483	3	0
193	Turkmenistan	1	0	7,057,841	0	0

See also

• List of cities by scientific output